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First aid shipment arrives in Burma from Thailand; Military conscription drive counted in 172 townships

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Thailand’s Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Sihasak Phuangketkeow watches aid deliveries to Burma from Mae Sot on Monday. (Credit: Thai MOFA)

FROM THE DVB NEWSROOM

First aid shipment arrives in Burma from Thailand

The Thai Red Cross delivered its first shipment of aid into Burma at the 2nd Thai-Myanmar Friendship Bridge in Mae Sot, Thailand on Monday. Over 4,000 bags of essential food items will reach 20,000 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) from Nabu, Tharmanya and Paingkyone villages in Karen State, according to the Thai authorities. 

“I am worried that we will not receive enough aid as it will come through the Myanmar Red Cross Society which is under the control of the regime,” said a resident of Karen State displaced by the conflict and now living as an IDP. 

Thailand’s Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs Sihasak Phuangketkeow, along with other local officials, attended the handover ceremony. The Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs claimed that it will work with “relevant partners” to expand aid shipments into Burma. 

Military conscription drive counted in 172 townships

Data for Myanmar has documented that the regime’s administration has gathered data, conducted military draft lotteries, and registered men aged 18 to 35 for conscription in 172 townships in several states and regions of Burma up to March 22. 

These activities have been held in most townships of Naypyidaw, as well as Ayeyarwady, Yangon and Bago regions. The regime has been able to recruit conscripts in only a few areas where fighting between the Burma Army and resistance forces is taking place. 

The military conscription law was activated on Feb. 10 and requires men and women (aged 18-27) to serve in the military for at least two years. The National Unity Government (NUG) declared the conscription law “invalid” and claimed people do not need to adhere to it. 

Retired U.S. Army lieutenant colonel Miemie Winn Byrd speaks to a crowd of 200 gathered in New York City on March 23 (Credit: CJ)

Expert on US-Burma relations criticizes regime 

Miemie Winn Byrd, a Burmese-American professor at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, shared her insights on the crisis in Burma unfolding since the 2021 military coup at a meeting in New York City on Saturday.

“It’s crucial to understand that this is not a civil war but a conflict among factions,” she said to a crowd that included 200 people from Burma living in the U.S. when asked how best to get more international attention.

Byrd criticized the military conscription law saying that it can only lead to a worse outcome for the regime. She clarified how best to appeal to the international community for assistance. The U.N. states that 18.6 million people require urgent humanitarian aid in Burma.

News by Region

ARAKAN—The Arakan Army (AA) stated on Sunday that it had seized control of the Yan Aung Myin military outpost, located west of the Kyainchaung border guard station, in Maungdaw Township on Saturday. 

“Maungdaw, Buthidaung and Sittwe, in northern Arakan State are left to be captured by the AA. It can control the whole state if it seizes Sittwe,” said an unnamed Arakanese political activist. 

Weapons and ammunition were seized after the outpost was taken by the AA. It now controls the towns of Kyauktaw, Mrauk-U, Minbya, Myebon, Pauktaw, Ponnagyun, Rathedaung and Ramree in Arakan State and Paletwa in southern Chinland. 

KARENNI—The Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF) stated on Sunday that it had sentenced two of its members to 20 years in prison for killing a suspect while in custody. The 27-year-old victim died on Feb. 21 after being arrested for alleged drug trafficking. 

The KNDF claimed its two members “improperly fired weapons that were provided to them.” They received their prison sentences after an investigation was conducted by the KNDF central committee. 

Mese residents said that the Karenni National People’s Liberation Front (KNPLF) has been collecting money from businesses in the town since Feb. 29. The funds collected range from 30,000-100,000 kyat depending on the size of the business.    

“I paid 30,000 kyat as they arrived early in the morning with a receipt. My business is not doing well as there are many displaced people here. It is not okay if these funds are collected monthly,” said an unnamed business owner in Mese. 

Mese came under the control of resistance forces, including the KNPLF, KNDF and Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP) last year. Residents have criticized the KNPLF for collecting money despite not formally announcing a tax. 

MANDALAY—Three unidentified armed men robbed a KBZ bank in Chanayethasan Township on Monday, stealing more than 200 million kyat. A KBZ bank in Chanayetharsan and Pyigyitagon townships were also robbed in June and July 2022.

“They came into the bank like they were customers and pointed guns at the employees. Two of them carried an ax and a knife. They took all the money on the counter,” said an unnamed source close to the bank. The Burma Army later arrived and questioned bank employees.  

Read our latest op-ed: The resilience of ethnic women in Myanmar. DVB English News is on X, FB, IG, Threads & TikTok. Subscribe on YouTube. Follow us on Spotify or wherever you get your podcasts.

(Exchange rate: $1 USD = 3,740 kyat)

The Thai Red Cross began aid deliveries to its counterpart in Burma under Thailand’s humanitarian plan aimed at managing the conflict on Monday, March 25. (Credit: Reuters)

Myanmar’s unexpected rise in the World Happiness Index

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A resident of Demoso Township smiles after receiving a plate of food at an Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp earlier this month. (Credit: CJ)

FROM THE DVB NEWSROOM

Despite the crisis in Myanmar unfolding since the 2021 military coup, the country has unexpectedly climbed in the latest World Happiness Report to the 118th position, scoring 4.354 points. 

This surprising ranking contrasts starkly with the political repression and human rights violations perpetrated by the military over the last three years.

Myanmar’s happiness ranking has fluctuated, reflecting its volatile socio-political situation. The nation’s highest happiness index score was 4.55 points in 2017, while a more recent figure in 2021 showed a slight decline to 4.39 points.

In comparison, Myanmar’s ranking is lower than its Southeast Asian neighbors. Singapore leads the region, ranking 30th globally, with the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Laos, and Cambodia following closely behind. 

These rankings underscore the varied elements that contribute to national happiness, including economic health, social support, and personal freedoms. Finland retains its title as World’s Happiest Country for the seventh consecutive year, scoring 7.741 points, and Afghanistan ranks last with 1.721 points.

The U.N. Sustainable Development Solutions Network, in collaboration with Gallup and the University of Oxford, publishes the report annually by using data compiled from more than 140 countries, evaluating factors like Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, social support, life expectancy, freedom of choice, generosity, and perceptions of corruption.

Myanmar’s 2024 ranking encapsulates the nation’s intricate socio-political backdrop. Since the 2021 military coup, the country has faced street protests, a violent crackdown, and an ever-worsening human rights situation. The enforcement of martial law, continued internet and electricity blackouts, as well as the announcement of military conscription have intensified public distress.

The resilience of ethnic women in Myanmar

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Guest contributor

By Shalini Perumal

Three years have gone by since the Myanmar military’s illegal 2021 coup which reversed 11 years of progress since the transition to democracy began in 2010. 

Following the coup, the population swiftly mobilized, flooding the streets in organized protests against the military. 

Millions passionately called for the return of power to the people. Remarkably, 60 percent of these protestors were women, boldly asserting their presence in the unfolding revolution. 

Ethnic women have long been catalysts for progressive change in Myanmar, a legacy that endures to this day. Their ability to act decisively and fearlessly stems from the deep bonds and trust nurtured within communities. 

Despite facing discrimination and entrenched misogyny that hampers their engagement in public and political spheres, ethnic women persist in pushing boundaries through their active participation in the resistance movement.

Myanmar’s Spring Revolution stands as a powerful symbol of collective resilience, with ethnic women at its forefront, shaping the trajectory of the pro-democracy movement. 

Established in 1999, the Women’s League of Burma (WLB) – serving as an umbrella organization uniting 13 women’s groups dedicated to advancing women’s rights towards a peaceful and equitable society – highlights the deliberate targeting of women human rights defenders by the military, who face a myriad of human rights violations for simply advocating for the recognition and respect for fundamental rights. 

Their plight reflects the broader challenges encountered by all human rights defenders in Myanmar. According to a report by the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners, the Spring Revolution has witnessed the remarkable courage and steadfast leadership of women from diverse backgrounds, challenging the foundations of military rule.

A historical moment unfolded during the 2021 anti-coup protests when, for the first time in Myanmar’s history, women proudly raised their htamein (sarongs) as flags, declaring, “Our htamein! Our Flag! Our Victory!” 

This symbolic gesture reverberated through the nation and garnered global attention, recognizing the bravery and resolve of Myanmar women who have been at the forefront of the resistance, enduring imprisonment, torture and sexual violence at the hands of the military.

Despite facing such atrocities, Myanmar women remain resolute in their determination to overthrow the military, emancipate the populace, and establish a full democratic society. They persist in risking their lives and futures on the frontlines, driven by an unyielding commitment to their cause.

During the Spring Revolution, ethnic women have embraced a variety of roles, showcasing their dedication to safeguarding freedom. While some have chosen to wield arms, bravely standing on the frontlines of conflict, others play crucial roles in supporting opposition movements by providing essential indispensable resources such as food, finances, and essential materials. 

Women revolutionaries utilize diverse mediums, including poetry and art, to effectively convey truths to those in positions of authority. As Myanmar’s pro-democracy movement continues to endure, the involvement of ethnic women remains indispensable to its success. 

The ongoing resistance stands as a symbol of the enduring influence of women’s voices in shaping a nation’s destiny. The remarkable resilience of women-led civil society organizations in the face of incredibly challenging circumstances exemplifies their courage. 

Despite facing significant risks, these groups and their leaders persist in delivering vital humanitarian aid and relief to displaced populations. Their efforts extend support to the urgent needs of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), with a particular focus on pregnant women, the elderly, and children. 

Moreover, women’s groups actively engage in on-the-ground advocacy, amplifying the voices that call for an end to the brutal assaults faced by their communities. The activities of women-led civil society ethnic organizations have left a powerful impact on Myanmar’s pro-democracy movement. 

Their voices, intertwined with the broader chorus of dissent, have enriched the discourse, shedding light on the unique challenges confronting various communities. In the face of the military’s attempts to suppress dissent, their resilience serves as a powerful force reaffirming the democratic aspirations of Myanmar’s people. 

Amidst the turmoil ignited by the illegal 2021 military coup, women-led ethnic, civil society organizations have sparked hope, fostering unity, resilience, and a demand for justice. 

For example, notable contributions have been made by organizations such as Karen Women’s Organization (KWO), Shan Women’s Action Network (SWAN) Mae Tao Clinic,  Rohingya Women Development Network (RWDN), Mon Women’s Organization (MWO) and Kachin Women’s Association Thailand (KWAT).

As the Spring Revolution and pro-democracy movement persists, ethnic women’s voices remain steadfast, shaping the narrative of Myanmar’s struggle for democracy. Their unyielding commitment, resilience, and collaborative spirit offer a glimpse of hope for a future where diversity is celebrated, and the rights of all citizens are upheld. 

People all over the world watch in solidarity as these resilient women continue to stand on the front lines, defying oppression and working towards a democratic Myanmar filled with promise and possibility. 


Shalini Perumal is a creative international development professional who has worked previously in Mae Sot, Thailand at Mae Tao Clinic. She is currently a freelance journalist as well as Communications Officer at ActionAid India in New Delhi. The views expressed in the article are her own and do not necessarily reflect those of the organisation. 

DVB publishes a diversity of opinions that does not reflect DVB editorial policy. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our stories: [email protected]

Kachin Independence Army seizes more military outposts; Regime accused of neglecting its troops

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Kachin Independence Army troops patrol outside Okja base in Waingmaw Township after its seizure from the military on Oct. 20 (Credit: KIA/KIO)

FROM THE DVB NEWSROOM

Kachin Independence Army seizes more military outposts 

The Kachin Independence Army (KIA) seized the military’s 121 Light Infantry Battalion (LIB) in Mansi Township, and the 370 Artillery Battalion in Momauk Township, of Kachin State on March 23-24.  

“Two women were killed. Almost 10 people were injured. Social welfare organizations from Bhamo have come and taken injured people to the hospital,” said an unnamed source on the frontlines in Kachin State.

The KIA claimed to have captured over 30 military outposts during its offensive against the military along the Myitkyina-Bhamo Road. Its forces took control of the 438 LIB and the 616 Artillery Battalion in Momauk Township on March 21.

Regime accused of neglecting its troops

Military families have accused the regime of planning to host an expensive Thingyan festival in Naypyidaw instead of supporting its troops on the battlefield. Thingyan festivities will take place in four different locations in Naypyidaw and will include a K-Pop concert. 

A policewoman at the military’s Northeastern Command, located in northern Shan State, was outraged over the perceived lack of support for regime troops. “The army provides inadequate support for fallen and displaced soldiers. I am uncertain whether my husband is alive or dead. This is not a time for festivities. Our priority should be assisting [them],” she said.  

Families of military officers that were killed during fighting with resistance forces in northern Shan State claimed they have received inadequate assistance from the regime.

Letmaepyin village tract administrators at a meeting to organize civilian security teams in Munaung Township of Taungup district in 2023. (Credit: CJ)

Forty-one administrators resign in Arakan State

Eighteen administrators in Munaung Township resigned as they refused to provide the regime a list of men aged 18 to 35 for military conscription on March 21. A Munaung administrator stated that the regime pressured them to have a list of seven men from each village tract ready by March 16. 

“We heard the resignations of some administrators in Thandwe Township on March 18. So, we decided to join them,” said a resigned administrator. There are five wards and 36 village tracts in Munang Township. 

A total of 41 regime-appointed administrators have resigned from their posts refusing to recruit conscripts for the military. The regime is recruiting conscripts in Taungup, Gwa and Thandwe townships. The military conscription law was activated on Feb. 10.  

News by Region

KARENNI—Karenni resistance forces announced that it took control of seven towns and 81 outposts from the military since it launched Operation 1111. It claimed that it now controlled Mese, Demoso, Shadaw, Ywar Thit, Mawchi, Nanmekhon and Moebye in southern Shan State.

At least 120 have been killed since Nov. 11, according to the Karenni Interim Executive Council (IEC). Fighting with the Burma Army continues over control of the state capital Loikaw. “We are in control of at least 65 percent of Loikaw already. But there is still daily fighting,” said Banyar, the IEC second secretary. 

SHAN—Two civilians were killed and three were injured by an airstrike on a hospital in La Ei village of Pekon Township on March 22. The Union of Karenni State Youth (UKSY) claimed that the military dropped four bombs that destroyed the hospital, ambulances, and essential medical equipment stored inside.

“The hospital was recently non-operational for security reasons. After the first bomb struck, some young people returned to the hospital to salvage medical supplies. During this effort, another bomb hit, resulting in the immediate loss of two lives and three injuries,” added Banyar.

NAYPYIDAW—Kyaw Soe Oo, the editor-in-chief of the pro-military People Media, was charged under Sec. 505 (A) of the Penal Code for criticizing the Ministry of Home Affairs on March 20. Others working at pro-military media are reportedly in fear following his arrest.

“He posted in his social media about the police officials not visiting the funeral of a police officer who was killed in the clashes in Kachin State on March 8,” said an unnamed source close to the police department. Kyaw Soe Oo is alleged to have worked as a military lobbyist.  

YANGON—An unnamed group in Yangon claimed responsibility for the deaths of at least 20 Burma Army personnel, including a colonel, during an attack on the Yangon Command Headquarters, located on Pyay Road, Friday. 

“We attacked it with a remote mine as we had been told that top military officials would visit the HQ,” said a spokesperson from the group. A building was reportedly destroyed and others were damaged. 

Watch our latest: Religious ceremonies persist in Karenni State despite military attacks. DVB English is on X, FB, IG, Threads & TikTok. Subscribe on YouTube. Follow our Podcast.

More than 70 Rohingya ‘presumed dead or missing’ at sea

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Indonesia's Search and Rescue (SAR) agency transfers two bodies from a rescue boat to an ambulance in Aceh Province on March 23 (Credit: Reuters)

FROM THE DVB NEWSROOOM

Indonesian authorities recovered two bodies and said more than 70 Rohingya are “presumed dead or missing” from the shores of Aceh Province on Saturday. Local fishermen reported several other drowning victims washed up after a vessel carrying 151 people capsized off the coast of Indonesia on Wednesday. 

The U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stated that 75 were rescued on Friday. Indonesia’s national Search and Rescue (SAR) agency initiated a rescue mission after six refugees swam ashore on March 20. 

More than 2,300 Rohingya refugees arrived in Aceh Province in 2023. Rohingya have increasingly been taking to the seas to escape the harsh living conditions in Burma and the refugee camps of Bangladesh. The UNHCR documented that 569 Rohingya died or went missing during dangerous sea crossings in 2023.

Myanmar protest in the U.S. urges India to reconsider border policy

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FROM THE DVB NEWSROOM

Myanmar protesters gathered in front of the Embassy of India in Washington DC on March 21. They called on the Indian government to reconsider its plans to fence the 1,643 km-long border with Myanmar and to end the Free Movement Regime (FMR), which allows Myanmar and India nationals visa-free travel for up to 16 km on either side of the border, using a pass.

The protesters also want India to provide asylum and protection to refugees who have fled Myanmar due to the crisis since the 2021 military coup and the regime’s conscription law, which was activated on Feb. 10 and stipulates all men aged 18 to 35 and women aged 18 to 27 must serve for two years.    

“Our purpose in being here today is to implore the Indian government not to put up a fence, to protect those escaping conflict, and to not repatriate them. We are here to plead for help and compassion for those suffering,” said Min Min, a human rights activist in the U.S.

Civil society organizations in India’s Nagaland and Mizoram states reached a consensus on March 16 to oppose the government’s border fence, which was announced by India’s Home Minister Amit Shah on Feb. 6. Communities on both sides of the border have cited concerns about dividing the Nagas and the Chin-Kuki-Mizo living along the India-Myanmar border. 

“Particularly, the Chin and Mizo ethnic minorities residing along the Indian border are subjected to severe attacks by the Burma Army. We appeal for their protection and urge against returning them to the hands of the tyrannical, murderous army,” added Min Min,

India announced plans to begin construction of a 12-mile-long border fence between Manipur State and Myanmar’s Sagaing Region. Manipur State Chief Minister N. Biren Singh said that the first batch of at least 77 Myanmar refugees had been deported from India on March 8.

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