Guest contributor
James Shwe
The exploitation of the Rohingya has taken a deeply troubling turn, with the Myanmar military now reported to be manipulating them as pawns in a larger strategy to maintain control in the region.
In a perverse twist, the military is reportedly arming groups like the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) and the Rohingya Solidarity Organization (RSO) to incite conflict against the Arakan Army (AA).
This tactic is especially ironic, as it involves the Rohingya, who have been victims of military brutality, being used to further the military’s agenda. By stoking violence between the Rohingya and the AA, the military aims to discredit the AA internationally and prevent potential alliances between the Rohingya and other ethnic groups in Myanmar.
Prominent figures, such as Swedish journalist Bertil Lintner, have warned of the dangers of the AA being drawn into conflict with the Rohingya, noting that it could severely damage its reputation internationally. This highlights the delicate balance needed in addressing the crisis and the importance of understanding the military’s tactics.
To foster lasting peace and reconciliation, all stakeholders—the Rohingya, their international advocates, the AA, and the National Unity Government (NUG)—must adopt strategies that promote dialogue, understanding, and inclusive governance.
Promoting dialogue and understanding
The foundation of any peaceful resolution lies in open communication. Encouraging dialogue between different ethnic groups can help dispel misconceptions and build mutual respect.
Establishing platforms for discussions between Rohingya representatives and AA leadership, with the assistance of international mediators, could create safe spaces for these conversations. Such dialogue would not only address existing grievances but also identify common interests, paving the way for cooperative efforts toward shared goals like opposing military rule and promoting democracy.
The AA, despite the complexities of the situation, should actively reach out to all Rohingya groups, including those who have accused them of wrongdoing, to engage in meaningful and constructive dialogues.
Such efforts could help build trust and foster a united front against the military, the real adversary in this conflict. By fostering transparency and trust, the AA could articulate its policy positions on citizenship and equal rights for the Rohingya, which is essential for reconciliation and unity against the common adversary—the military. This cooperation could be further strengthened by promoting inclusive governance models that respect the rights of all ethnic and religious groups in Rakhine State.
Balanced advocacy and diplomacy
International advocates must adopt a balanced approach that recognizes the complex history of Rakhine State while advocating for the rights of the Rohingya. Diplomatic efforts should engage both the AA and Rohingya representatives, acknowledging the AA’s influence while also addressing the legitimate concerns of the Rohingya.
This balanced approach could help build credibility with all parties and contribute to a more stable and peaceful region. Portraying the AA as the primary aggressor risks closing off potential avenues for reconciliation and alliance-building that are crucial for the Rohingya’s future in Myanmar.
Advising the Rohingya to overemphasize their victimhood, focusing on their suffering risks alienating potential allies and diminishing their credibility on the global stage. While this approach has garnered international sympathy, it could also isolate the Rohingya.
Humanitarian coordination and addressing root causes
Effective coordination between humanitarian organizations and local actors, including the AA, is vital to ensure aid reaches all communities in need. Building trust through such cooperation could significantly improve living conditions for vulnerable populations, including the Rohingya.
However, to achieve long-term peace, it is essential to address the underlying issues that fuel conflict, such as poverty, lack of economic opportunities, and limited access to education. Supporting local initiatives that work on reconciliation and social cohesion can also help reduce tensions over time.
Advocating for international assistance should also be equitable and not put the benefits of one group in Myanmar over others who are suffering similarly to prevent increasing tensions.
Careful media engagement
All parties involved in the conflict must be cautious in their media engagement. Inflammatory rhetoric or unverified accusations, particularly on social media, can exacerbate tensions and hinder reconciliation efforts.
Instead, a more constructive approach would involve private dialogue, seeking mediation through neutral third parties, and working with international organizations to address grievances through proper channels. The Rohingya should not give the impression that they are trying to hinder the ongoing resistance against military oppression.
Long-term vision for inclusive Rakhine State
The goal should be the development of a shared long-term vision for an inclusive Rakhine State, where all ethnic and religious groups can coexist peacefully. This vision would provide a framework for ongoing reconciliation efforts and guide the international community’s role in supporting the region.
While the international community can play a crucial role in facilitating dialogue and providing resources, it must remain sensitive to local contexts and avoid actions that could be perceived as external interference.
The role of the international community
The international community, including the U.N. and the U.S., can support these efforts by acting as neutral mediators, creating platforms for dialogue, and ensuring that humanitarian aid reaches all those in need.
Additionally, they can help counter misinformation, promote digital literacy, and support initiatives that foster inter-communal understanding. By working with regional bodies like the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the international community can contribute to a comprehensive approach to resolving the crisis.
The path to peace in Rakhine State is challenging and requires the cooperation of all stakeholders. By focusing on dialogue, shared goals, balanced advocacy, and addressing root causes, the Rohingya crisis can move towards a resolution that ensures peace and security for all. Patience, empathy, and a commitment to constructive engagement from all sides are essential to achieving lasting peace in this troubled region.
James Shwe is a Myanmar democracy activist in the U.S. and is a member of the advocacy groups Free Myanmar and the Los Angeles Myanmar Movement. He has been trying to organize and motivate the Myanmar diaspora to advocate for democracy in Myanmar.
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