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Sweden scrutinizes US policy to Burma

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Oct 27, 2009 (DVB), Burmese activists and aid workers took center stage at the Swedish parliament yesterday for a discussion forum aimed at scrutinising US policy to Burma.

Sweden holds the current presidency of the European Union, which last week pledged €35 million ($US52m) in aid to Burma.

The pledge coincided with a visit to Burma by Sweden's ambassador to Thailand, Lennart Linner, billed as a "fact-finding mission".

Former Burmese UNICEF worker, Dr Khin Zaw Win, told DVB that the US was following in the footsteps of the EU in promoting engagement with Burma's military rulers.

"The general opinion is that the isolation method isn't working," he said. "The majority looks forward to participating in the upcoming elections one way or another."

He added that with the shift in US policy, "questions loom as to what the UN is going to do" regarding Burma.

Although the EU expanded its sanctions on Burma following the sentencing of Aung San Suu Kyi in August, it is said to be exploring various avenues for greater dialogue with the junta prior to elections scheduled for next year.

Dr Salai Lian Hmung, from the Ethnic Nationalities Council (ENC), said that "rather than seeing a continuation of the military dictatorship, we would like to see a change".

"We regard the 2010 election as a way to reach out for change and have already issued a statement saying we will not disagree with or denounce any democracy or ethnic groups entering the elections," he said.

"We can't expect the United States to remove sanctions at once; it can only be done through step by step negotiations.

"The more important thing is that we need to point out the lies told by the [Burmese government] who said that sanctions are only hurting the people."

The EU aid will go via the new Livelihoods and Food Security Trust (LIFT) fund, which is then set to channel the money through various non-governmental organizations. EU policy dictates that aid cannot go straight to the Burmese government.

Reporting by Htet Aung Kyaw

US accuses junta of abusing religious freedom

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Oct 27, 2009 (DVB), Burma's military government "frequently" abuses the right to religious freedom for the country's myriad ethnic and religious groups, an annual US government report states.

The regime actively promotes Theravada Buddhism while Christian and Islamic groups "continued to struggle to obtain permission to repair existing places of worship or build new ones", said the International Religious Freedom Report 2009.

It added that Muslim communities in Burma are "closely monitored", while restrictions continue for other non-Buddhist minority groups.

The report, authored by the US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF), examined contained detailed examinations of 198 countries around the world.

"To date, President Obama has raised religious freedom in his speeches abroad without those sentiments being translated into concrete policy actions, and our hope is that this report will be the administration's call to action," said USCIRF chair, Leonard Leo.

Addressing a ceremony marking the launch of the report, Michael Posner, assistant secretary of the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, said that religious freedom around the world was "a mixed picture".

"In many places [there are] more restrictions by government ministries on the right of religious groups to register [and] to receive funds," he said.

Burma has twice been designated a Country of Particular Concern (CPC), most recently in January this year.

Muslim communities in Burma are amongst the most persecuted in the country. The ethnic Rohingya, a Muslim group which populates the country's western Arakan state, are denied legal status by the government and frequently suffer persecution.

The report said that "widespread prejudice existed against citizens of South Asian origin, many of whom are Muslims. Although official religious discrimination was limited, de facto preferences for Buddhism remained".

While the new constitution, ratified in May 2008 following cyclone Nargis, ostensibly allows for religious freedom, "it also grants broad exceptions that allow the regime to restrict these rights 'subject to public order, morality, health, and other provisions of the Constitution'".

The report said however that there had been no new instances of forced religious conversion documented in the country.

Reporting by Francis Wade

DKBA troops dig for gold in Karen territory

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Oct 27, 2009 (DVB), Around 700 troops from a pro-junta Karen militia have entered territory controlled by the opposition Karen National Union in eastern Burma, allegedly to mine for gold.

A senior official in the Karen National Union (KNU) said that 700 soldiers from the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) were in the Thaton and Hpapun districts of Karen state.

"Our reports said that they were planning to dig for gold at the Mae Wai creek located in our district," said Hpapun district chair, Saw Htan Dal, adding that there had no movement of DKBA troops in the area after their arrival.

A DKBA official confirmed that the troops were in the area but rejected allegations that the group was planning to launch an attack on the KNU.

"They are there to do business but not to fight a war," he said, adding that troops from various battalions are digging for gold in Hpapun district.

He said that troops entered the area on 21 October following permission from the Burmese government, and were carrying equipments for gold digging.

The DKBA allied itself with the government after splitting from the KNU in 1994, allegedly citing religious persecution by the KNU's majority Christian members.

Tension between the two groups has remained high since the Burmese army, supported by the DKBA, launched an offensive against the KNU in June this year and captured several strategically important bases.

Meanwhile, Burma's mining minister, Ohn Myint, warned businessmen involved in the country's gold industry last week to prevent fluctuations in gold prices, as soaring rates could lead to public unrest.

A Burmese businessman told DVB that the gold market in Burma had been quiet since the introduction of the 5,000 kyat ($US5) banknote at the beginning of October, which saw gold prices rise by nearly 20 percent. Gold prices today are around 20 times what they were a decade ago.

"It's partly true when [Ohn Myint] said we shouldn't let the nation fall due to a public panic caused by soaring of gold prices," said Burmese economist Khin Maung Nyo.

"But if you look from another side, you'll see the gold price goes up because the nation is not in a stable state."

Reporting by Naw Noreen

Photos released of murdered Japanese journalist

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Warning: this article contains graphic images

Oct 27, 2009 (DVB), Images of the post-mortem examination on the body of a Japanese journalist shot dead by Burmese police during the September 2007 protests have been released for the first time.

Accompanied by the images obtained by DVB of the body of Kenji Nagai, who worked for Tokyo's APF news agency, are photographs of the possessions he carried when he died. Separate footage captured by DVB reporters filming the demonstrations appears to show Nagai carrying a camera that has not been included in the exhibit of his possessions.

A letter sent in November 2007 by Japanese activists to Burma's ruling State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) protesting the shooting had demanded that the camera and videotape be returned to Nagai's family "without any modifications to the recorded material". The family has since received all of his belongings apart from the camera and videotape.

Subsequent footage released on Japanese television showed a government soldier taking the camera. A wristwatch that Nagai was wearing when he died is also missing from the exhibit photograph.

Nagai was killed by a single bullet-wound to the chest as he filmed monks and civilians protesting on the streets of Rangoon, in what has now come to be known as the Saffron Revolution.

The Japanese prime minister at the time described the killing as "extremely unfortunate", while the government's chief cabinet secretary demanded an investigation into the incident.

Relations between the two countries temporarily soured after the shooting, with Japan halting aid to Burma. This was resumed however following cyclone Nargis in May 2008.

Nagai was the only foreigner to have been killed during protests which lasted for eight days before the government launched a brutal crackdown, killing scores of monks and students in the process.

Up to 50,000 people are thought to have been involved in the demonstrations which erupted after the government hiked up fuel prices overnight, in some cases to five times their original price.

Since his death, an award has been created in Nagai's name to honour reporters documenting human rights abuses in Burma.

The first recipient of the award was Eint Khaing Oo, a female journalist who was imprisoned after reporting on cyclone Nargis. She has since been released.

The Times quoted an associate of Nagai's who said the 50-year-old was "relentless" in his pursuit of stories. He had previously documented conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq, Cambodia and Palestine.

Reporting by Francis Wade

US citizen begins trial in Burma

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Oct 26, 2009 (DVB), The Burmese-born US citizen currently detained in a Rangoon prison has appeared in court on charges of fraud after allegedly using false identification to enter the country.

Lawyers for Kyaw Zaw Lwin, also known as Nyi Nyi Aung, said that the courtroom on Thursday heard accounts from two witnesses in the prosecution team, a police officer and an immigration official.

They claim that Kyaw Zaw Lwin intended to use a Burmese national's identification card with his photo pasted onto it.

"He entered the country using his American passport, not by using the ID the officials had mentioned," said lawyer Kyi Win. "They only found the ID in his possession after they searched him."

Kyaw Zaw Lwin was arrested upon arrival at Rangoon airport on 3 September, and has since been held at Rangoon's Insein prison.

Shortly after his arrest, state-run media in Burma appeared to link him to a series of bombings that hit Rangoon in mid-September, a fortnight after he was detained.

An article in the New Light of Myanmar newspaper said that he "had contact with" members of the All Burma Student Democratic Front (ABSDF) and Thailand-based Forum for Democracy in Burma (FDB), who in turn were allegedly close to "sabbateurs" involved in the bombing.

The leader of the ABSDF, Than Khe, told DVB however that the allegations were political smearing by the government.

Kyi Win also complained that his client had been held in handcuffs throughout the hearing, in violation of Burmese law.

"According to the police code of conduct, a defendant appearing before the court's judge should be freed from handcuffs," he said, adding that police cited security concerns as a reason to keep them on.

"This clearly violates Article 477 of the court manual and shows that no rule of law exists." His next court hearing is scheduled for 30 October.

Su Su Kyi, the aunt of Kyaw Zaw Lwin, said that his family had received no response following requests to visit him in prison.

"A letter seeking permission to meet with Ko Nyi Nyi Aung has been sent to the authorities via the embassy but no response has been made yet. We will send another letter on Monday," she said.

Su Su Kyi said that US embassy staff who visited Kyaw Zaw Lwin in prison in September said that he had shown signs of torture.

Reporting by Khin Hnin Htet

Burma could ‘relax’ Suu Kyi’s detention

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Oct 26, 2009 (DVB), Burma's military leaders could ease the conditions of Aung San Suu Kyi's detention if she upholds "a good attitude", the Burmese prime minister was quoted as saying.

The detained opposition leader has twice met with foreign envoys in recent weeks as the government appears willing to cooperate with Suu Kyi over the lifting of sanctions on Burma.

Following her sentencing in August, lawyers for Suu Kyi complained that the conditions of her house arrest were stricter than in previous years.

Suu Kyi on Saturday marked 14 years in detention, having been first been placed under house arrest in 1990 following her party's landslide election win.

The Japanese foreign minister, Kazuo Kodama, quoted the Burmese prime minister Thein Sein as saying that current measures could be "relaxed", according to Reuters.

Thai prime minister Abhisit Vejajjiva reported that Thein Sein had said he "felt optimistic that [Suu Kyi] can contribute also to the process of national reconciliation".

Southeast Asian leaders at the 15th ASEAN regional summit, which ended on Sunday, also spoke of positive signs that elections in Burma next year would be free and fair.

Burma’s prime minister "recognises full well that the rest of the world expects to see elections as inclusive as possible," Abhisit told a news conference.

Indian prime minister, Manmohan Singh, was quoted by Reuters as saying that there was "an atmosphere of hope that the Myanmar [Burma] leadership is moving toward normalising its relations with the United States, that they were working towards national reconciliation".

A senior-level US delegation, headed by Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Kurt Campbell, is due to visit Burma this week in what is being billed as a "fact-finding mission".

Campbell last week testified in front of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on US policy to Burma, warning that engagement with the military generals would "be a long, slow, and step-by-step process".

The itinerary of the trip is not known, although Campbell expressed hope that he could meet with both Suu Kyi and the ruling junta.

The last senior US politician to visit Burma, Jim Webb, was twice denied a meeting with Suu Kyi in August, who was then midway through the trial in which she was accused of sheltering a US citizen.

Reporting by Francis Wade

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