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Army ‘responsible for ensuring democratic transition’

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Apr 12, 2009 (DVB), Burma's second-in-command has told new army recruits that it is their responsibility to ensure a smooth transition to democracy following next year's scheduled elections, reported a state-run newspaper.

The comments were made on Friday at a ceremony for graduates of the Defense Services (Army) Officers Training School in Rangoon.

"Some countries faced instability following electoral violence due to the fact that, the democratic practice had not been mature enough," said Vice-Senior General Maung Aye.

"I would say you are responsible for seeing to democratic transition process in cooperation with the people for successful completion of the 2010 elections."

Opposition parties in Burma have slammed the 2010 elections as being farcical, given that the redrafted 2008 constitution guarantees a continuation of military rule and prevents opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi from running for office.

"Since the 1974 constitution was no longer effective, the government, the people and the Tatmadaw [army] had worked hard together to write an enduring constitution that can guarantee the market economy and the democracy practice, as aspired by the people," said Maung Aye.

"The vast majority of the people approved the new constitution last year."

The constitution was drafted without input from the opposition National League for Democracy, who launched a campaign to encourage the public to vote against the constitution.

The NLD won a landslide victory in the 1990 elections but the results were never honoured by the ruling military government.

Aung San Suu Kyi was placed under house arrest following the elections, and has spent 13 of the last 19 years in detention.

Even before votes are cast next year, the military will have already been guaranteed a hugely influential number of seats in parliament.

The majority of political opposition groups have said they will not contest the elections unless the constitution is revised.

Reporting by Francis Wade

Opposition group refuses to disarm despite talks

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Apr 11, 2009 (DVB), A senior member of Burma's principal armed opposition group has said they will refuse to lay down arms despite agreeing to talks with the government aimed at catalyzing progress towards reconciliation.

Talks between the government and the Karen National Union, whose conflict is thought to be the world's longest-running, have been on the cards for some time.

Thailand, who currently holds the revolving chair of the Association of Southeast Asia Nations, has offered to facilitate the negotiations. The KNU have welcomed the offer.

"We have a policy of settling political problems with political means," said KNU vice-president David Thackrabaw, adding that that is a consistent policy of the KNU.

"If they [the government] demand us to lay down arms, then of course the talks will stop."

Earlier this week KNU leaders held a meeting to discuss who will take part in the negotiations. A time and location for the talks has not yet been agreed.

Thackrabaw was reluctant to predict the results of the talks. The KNU has so far held talks on five occasions with the government, but each time they have failed largely because of the junta's request that the KNU disarm.

The junta's leader, Senior General Than Shwe is unlikely to attend the talks. The KNU have demanded that the talks be held in a neutral location.

Reporting by Rosalie Smith

Demand for rubber leads to land confiscation and food shortages

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Apr 11, 2009 (DVB), China's insatiable hunger for rubber has led to land confiscation and forced labour in eastern Burma as the ruling junta look to increase exports to its key trading partner, a report released this week said.

The rapidly growing demand has also sparked a battle for control over production between armed ceasefire groups and the Burmese government, said a report by the Lahu National Development Organisation.

Burma cultivated 302,000 hectares of rubber in 2006; the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation stated their aim to increase that by a further 100,000 acres last year.

"Many other villagers' lands have been confiscated by military, village or town authorities," said a retired soldier from Tachilek township in Shan state.

"They announce that the land must be developed for the country, and then they take it."

Ceasefire groups, such as the United Wa State Army, and smaller militia groups are becoming increasingly involved in the rubber trade, the report said, adding that China's growing demand is the reason behind the Burmese government and militia groups' forcing of local people to grow rubber.

The recent interest in rubber by the government and other groups also intends to prove that they are not involved in opium cultivation.

Chinese company Yunnan Hongyu Group Company Ltd has introduced rubber cultivation in Shan state under the banner of foreign assistance in Burma's opium eradication campaign.

With growing numbers of plantations springing up on land previously used for crops, villagers in Shan state also reported food shortages and loss of important resources.

"Rubber takes our conservation forest and cleans out the fire wood," said a poppy farmer from Mong Hsat township.

"There is no wood to build a house and no land for our cattle grazing."

Reporting by Francis Wade

Japan should ‘reinvigorate’ Burma policy

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Apr 11, 2009 (DVB), Japan should make human rights a foreign policy priority and focus attention on abuses by the Burmese regime, said a leading human rights organization in an open letter to the Japanese prime minister this week.

New York-based Human Rights Watch implored the Japanese government to consider reforms that would support and safeguard human rights worldwide, saying that its method of "quiet diplomacy" shied away from vocal condemnation of destructive governments.

"An important starting point for a reinvigorated Japanese human rights policy would be towards Burma," the letter stated, pointing a finger towards Japan's ongoing trade with the regime.

Japanese foreign aid has proved a crutch for the military regime since it took power in 1962. Both the United States and European Union have kept sanctions on Burma since it failed to honour the opposition party's overwhelming victory in the 1990 elections.

"Though the economic situation and the horrible reputation of the Burmese military government have led to a decrease in Japanese foreign aid and investment, Japan has remained a major donor to Burma to the present," the letter said.

Japan should adopt a mixture of private and public diplomacy in its dealings with authoritarian governments, said Kenneth Roth, executive director of HRW.

"Too often, as with the current crisis in Sri Lanka, Japan’s voice is missing when it could be a powerful force to protect people from harm," he said.

The letter was sent the day after the United States announced it would review policy to Burma in light of the failure of sanctions.

The US Senate is said to be frustrated that current sanctions are not moving Burma towards democracy, the release of political prisoners, and other reforms.

Reporting by Beth Macdonald

United States to review Burma policy

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Apr 10, 2009 (DVB), The United States has announced it will review policy to Burma following a rare US official visit to the country last month and an acknowledgement by the government in February that its policy has so far failed.

The review, announced on Wednesday, is set to find more effective ways in spurring democratisation and achieving Western goals in Burma, said a statement released by the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The US Senate is said to be frustrated that current sanctions are not moving Burma towards democracy, the release of political prisoners, and other reforms.

"The source cited a growing feeling that pressure on countries that are the subject of sanctions should be "complemented" by dialogue, and that pressure without a strategy about how to effect change will not bring that change about," the statement said, quoting a congressional source who asked to remain anonymous.

The announcement was welcomed by the National League for Democracy (Liberated Areas), an exiled Burmese political organisation.

"The Bush administration's pressure hasn't changed the regime's mindset," said Nyo Ohn Myint, chairman of the NLD-LA Foreign Affairs Committee. "There were not productive results during his administration."

"We would like to see more positive results and more effective means from whoever governs the US," he added.

"We need [Aung San] Suu Kyi freed, free and fair elections, and the democratization process must be secured."

The statement said that there was "no appetite to lift sanctions" without a real move by Burma’s junta to free dissidents or expand the country’s political process.

The US imposed tough sanctions against Burma following the failure of the government to honour the National League for Democracy's overwhelming victory in the 1990 elections.

The US would also look at China’s growing influence in Burma, public health issues, hurricane reconstruction, and the country’s preparations for the 2010 elections, the statement said.

"These regional countries [China, India and Thailand] are very important so we appreciated it very much if the US is going to coordinate with China and [the Association of Southeast Asian Nations]," said Nyo Ohn Myint.

An anonymous source from the American Embassy in Rangoon said that the US will be looking outwards for assistance on its Burma policy.

"I know that they're reaching beyond just the executive branch of the government," he said.

"They're talking with NGO's, they're talking with think-tanks, and they're talking with anyone who has a voice on the issue, so it's ongoing."

The first hint that a change in US-Burma policy may occur was given in February when Secretary of State Hillary Clinton acknowledged that the path the US had taken on Burma had failed to influence the military government.

Then came a rare meeting in March between a US official and senior government officials in the Burmese capital.

The meeting coincided with a statement by the European Union that it would consider easing sanctions were it to see progress towards democracy in Burma.

Reporting by Rosalie Smith

Junta rely on drug money to stay in power

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Apr 10, 2009 (DVB), Profits from Burma's opium trade are working their way into the pockets of local government authorities, claims a report which found an increase in poppy cultivation last year across Burma's northeastern Shan state.

Increased numbers of poppy farms and comparatively healthy crops occurred throughout Shan state last year, resulting in a 15 per cent drop in the price of opium, said the Lahu National Development Organisation.

The report discovered that village authorities and militia heads continue to collect a tax from opium farmers, suggesting that capital from the opium trade is reaching local, if not senior, government.

"Each house had to pay two tical (32.66 grams) of opium to a local authority," said the report.

"Depending on the area, this could be a militia chief, a village headman, or a "middle-man", all of whom then pass the tax to a local Burma Army battalion or township authority."

The pro-government armed group United Wa State Army control the majority of the opium trade in Shan state, placing restrictions on who traffickers can sell the drug to.

The report said no progress had been seen in the fight against the opium trade because of the government's hand in it.

"The ruling military clique has been relying on drug money to run businesses and stay in power," it said.

It added that the government's claims of success in eradicating poppy cultivation were in order to receive international assistance.

Burma is second to Afghanistan in global opium production according to the United States.

Reporting by Francis Wade

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